https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Index ${session.getAttribute("locale")} 5 https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:38724 Wed 19 Jan 2022 10:18:02 AEDT ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:635 Thu 25 Jul 2013 09:10:35 AEST ]]> https://nova.newcastle.edu.au/vital/access/ /manager/Repository/uon:17478 −/−-deficient mice. In the caput epididymis of Ido1^−/− animals, the lack of IDO activity was not compensated by other tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes and led to the loss of kynurenine production. The absence of IDO generated an inflammatory state in the caput epididymis as revealed by an increased accumulation of various inflammation markers. The absence of IDO also increased the tryptophan content of the caput epididymis and generated a parallel increase in caput epididymal protein content as a consequence of deficient proteasomal activity. Surprisingly, the lack of IDO expression had no noticeable impact on overall male fertility but did induce highly significant increases in both the number and the percentage of abnormal spermatozoa. These changes coincided with a significant decrease in white blood cell count in epididymal fluid compared with wild type mice. These data provide support for IDO playing a hitherto unsuspected role in sperm quality control in the epididymis involving the ubiquitination of defective spermatozoa and their subsequent removal.]]> Sat 24 Mar 2018 08:04:10 AEDT ]]>